Self-image in mastectomized women with or without breast reconstruction

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasms among women, accounting for 24.2% of new cases per 100.000 women in Brazil. Mastectomy, a frequent treatment, affects the self-esteem and well-being of this population. Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction provides important benefits, such as the restoration of physical appearance and the improvement in self-esteem and sexual life. In Brazil, Law 9.797/99 guarantees this right, aiming to improve quality of life. This qualitative study evaluated the impact of breast reconstruction on female self-image, analyzing the satisfaction of patients who underwent reconstruction with tissue expanders. The results showed that 31.4% of women did not undergo reconstruction due to the lack of medical indication, financial difficulties, or personal choice. Among 68.4% of those who chose the procedure, 75% reported significant improvement in self-esteem, while 25% experienced complications, such as pain and asymmetry. Furthermore, 62.9% emphasized the importance of reconstruction for emotional recovery, although 5.7% did not consider it necessary. Experiences varied. Some patients reported emotional and aesthetic benefits, while others faced postoperative challenges. The findings suggest that reconstruction can bring relevant benefits, but it is not essential for all. An individualized approach, with psychological support and comprehensive information, is essential to guide decisions aligned with personal needs and values.